Machu Picchu’s existence was possible only because of the labor and goods the Inca rulers received as taxes.

 
Hiram Bingham at Machu Picchu in 1912
Bingham Didn’t Dig Up The Yale Huacos –He Just Bought Them
August 6, 2009
Caretas

By Nicholas Asheshov
Here in Urubamba Hiram Bingham’s reputation has taken a knock in the run-up to the centennial of the discovery in 1911 of Machu Picchu.
The revisionists are saying that Bingham was not just a persistent […]

 
The ruins of Peru’s Machu Picchu in 1913 (photo by Hiram Bingham)
Debate Rages in Peru: Was a Lost City Ever Lost?
December 8, 2008
NYT
CUSCO, Peru — From the postcards bearing his swashbuckling, fedora-topped image to the luxury train emblazoned with his name that runs to the foot of the mountain redoubt of Machu Picchu, reminders […]

 

The Frozen Mummy of an Inca Girl Found On Top Of A Mountain In Argentina In 1999
 
 (Note: Readers of this blog will recall that a German adventurer, Augusto R. Berns, claimed to have discovered a cave full of Inca mummies on a piece of property he…

 
(Above: Francisco Pizarro seizes the Inca Emperor Atahualpa in 1533. Although the emperor turned over a large ransom in gold and silver in exchange for being set free, Pizarro murdered him anyway).
Machu Picchu: Known and Unknown, There and Not There

(Originally published in Spanish in Peru in La Republica, Aug 31, 2008. The Spanish version […]

An Interview with Paolo Greer (Part 3)
(To read Part 2, click here)
19) In what year did you find Augusto Berns’ “promotional materials” in Peru’s National Library?

PG: You are referring to the collection of Berns’ papers I mentioned in my article for the South American Explorer…

AN INTERVIEW WITH PAOLO GREER (PART 2)
(To read Part 1, click here)
7) You recently published an article in the “South American Explorer” called “Machu Picchu before Bingham.” In the article you make a number of claims, among them that a German, Augusto R. Berns, purchased an estate called the “Cercado de San Antonio,” […]

An Antiquities Gallery within the Ethnological Museum of Berlin
SOMOS
(El Comercio)
July 12, 2008
By Dr. Federico Camino Macedo
(Translated by Kim MacQuarrie)
The article in SOMOS 1125 [June 28, 2008, in El Comercio] referred to José Macedo as an ignorant criminal who colluded with the German August R Berns in the sacking, looting, and commercialization of the treasures […]

An Interview With Paolo Greer
Part 1
Note: Recently, a number of stories have emerged in the press alleging that a German adventurer and businessman, Augusto R. Berns, discovered and/or looted Machu Picchu decades before Hiram Bingham arrived at the now famous Inca site in 1911. The stories, for the most part, owe their origin to a […]

(Above: Herman Göhring’s 1874 map of the Cuzco area depicted the twin peaks of “Macchu-Picchu” and “Huainu-Picchu,” but indicated no ruins; map published by Daniel Buck in The South American Explorer in January, 1993)

Fights of Machu Picchu (Part 3)
By Daniel Buck
Maps
The earliest cartographical reference to Machu Picchu, as either a peak or […]

Fights of Machu Picchu
By Daniel Buck
Part 2
Dr. Kessler continued his research at the McNairn family library in England, however, and in March 1983 he wrote to Carolyn Anderson, the National Geographic’s resident authority on Machu-Picchu-Discovery claims, to report his startling conclusion that his father-in-law had been mistaken…

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